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Diccionario de chengyu

100 modismos chinos comunes (成语) con traducción literal, significado real, frases de ejemplo y audio.

马马虎虎mǎmǎhūhūHSK 4
Literalmente:
horse horse tiger tiger
Significado:
so-so; careless
Uso:
Describing something mediocre or someone sloppy
他的中文马马虎虎。Tā de Zhōngwén mǎmǎhūhū.

His Chinese is so-so.

乱七八糟luànqībāzāoHSK 4
Literalmente:
messy seven eight rotten
Significado:
in a complete mess; chaotic
Uso:
Describing a messy room, situation, or piece of work
你的房间乱七八糟。Nǐ de fángjiān luànqībāzāo.

Your room is a total mess.

一模一样yìmúyíyàngHSK 4
Literalmente:
one mold one appearance
Significado:
exactly the same; identical
Uso:
Saying two things or people look exactly alike
这两件衣服一模一样。Zhè liǎng jiàn yīfu yìmúyíyàng.

These two pieces of clothing are exactly the same.

各种各样gèzhǒnggèyàngHSK 4
Literalmente:
each kind each type
Significado:
all kinds of; a great variety of
Uso:
Describing a wide variety of things
商店里有各种各样的东西。Shāngdiàn li yǒu gèzhǒnggèyàng de dōngxi.

The shop has all kinds of things.

四面八方sìmiànbāfāngHSK 4
Literalmente:
four sides eight directions
Significado:
from all directions; everywhere
Uso:
Describing people or things coming from or spreading to every direction
人们从四面八方赶来。Rénmen cóng sìmiànbāfāng gǎnlái.

People rushed here from all directions.

五颜六色wǔyánliùsèHSK 4
Literalmente:
five colors six hues
Significado:
colorful; multicolored
Uso:
Describing brightly colored things like flowers or clothes
公园里开着五颜六色的花。Gōngyuán li kāizhe wǔyánliùsè de huā.

Colorful flowers are blooming in the park.

人山人海rénshānrénhǎiHSK 4
Literalmente:
people mountain people sea
Significado:
huge crowds of people
Uso:
Describing an extremely crowded place
节日的时候广场上人山人海。Jiérì de shíhou guǎngchǎng shang rénshānrénhǎi.

On holidays the square is packed with people.

一心一意yìxīnyíyìHSK 4
Literalmente:
one heart one mind
Significado:
wholeheartedly; with single-minded devotion
Uso:
Describing doing something with full dedication
她一心一意地学习中文。Tā yìxīnyíyì de xuéxí Zhōngwén.

She studies Chinese wholeheartedly.

无论如何wúlùnrúhéHSK 4
Literalmente:
no matter how
Significado:
in any case; no matter what
Uso:
Emphasizing that something will happen regardless of circumstances
无论如何,我今天必须完成作业。Wúlùnrúhé, wǒ jīntiān bìxū wánchéng zuòyè.

No matter what, I must finish my homework today.

万事如意wànshìrúyìHSK 4
Literalmente:
ten thousand things as you wish
Significado:
may everything go as you wish
Uso:
A common blessing used at New Year and on birthdays
祝你新年快乐,万事如意!Zhù nǐ xīnnián kuàilè, wànshìrúyì!

Happy New Year, may all your wishes come true!

一路平安yílùpíng'ānHSK 4
Literalmente:
whole road peace
Significado:
have a safe journey
Uso:
Said to someone setting off on a trip
祝你一路平安!Zhù nǐ yílùpíng'ān!

Have a safe trip!

自言自语zìyánzìyǔHSK 5
Literalmente:
self speak self talk
Significado:
to talk to oneself
Uso:
Describing someone muttering to themselves
他常常一个人自言自语。Tā chángcháng yí gè rén zìyánzìyǔ.

He often talks to himself.

一举两得yìjǔliǎngdéHSK 5
Literalmente:
one move two gains
Significado:
to kill two birds with one stone
Uso:
Describing an action that brings two benefits at once
骑车上班又省钱又锻炼,真是一举两得。Qí chē shàngbān yòu shěng qián yòu duànliàn, zhēn shì yìjǔliǎngdé.

Biking to work saves money and is good exercise — killing two birds with one stone.

半途而废bàntú'érfèiHSK 5
Literalmente:
half road then quit
Significado:
to give up halfway
Uso:
Warning against abandoning something before it is finished
学语言不能半途而废。Xué yǔyán bù néng bàntú'érfèi.

You can't give up halfway when learning a language.

入乡随俗rùxiāngsuísúHSK 5
Literalmente:
enter village follow customs
Significado:
when in Rome, do as the Romans do
Uso:
Advising someone to adapt to local customs
来到中国,我们应该入乡随俗。Láidào Zhōngguó, wǒmen yīnggāi rùxiāngsuísú.

Now that we are in China, we should follow local customs.

自相矛盾zìxiāngmáodùnHSK 5
Literalmente:
self mutually spear shield
Significado:
self-contradictory
Uso:
Pointing out that someone's words or actions contradict themselves
他说的话前后自相矛盾。Tā shuō de huà qiánhòu zìxiāngmáodùn.

What he says contradicts itself.

画蛇添足huàshétiānzúHSK 5
Literalmente:
draw snake add feet
Significado:
to ruin something by adding what is unnecessary
Uso:
Criticizing a superfluous addition that spoils the result
最后一段完全是画蛇添足。Zuìhòu yí duàn wánquán shì huàshétiānzú.

The last paragraph completely gilds the lily.

井底之蛙jǐngdǐzhīwāHSK 5
Literalmente:
frog at the bottom of a well
Significado:
a narrow-minded person with limited outlook
Uso:
Describing someone who has seen little of the world
多出去看看,别做井底之蛙。Duō chūqù kànkan, bié zuò jǐngdǐzhīwā.

Go out and see more of the world; don't be a frog at the bottom of a well.

对牛弹琴duìniútánqínHSK 5
Literalmente:
play the zither to a cow
Significado:
to waste words on an unappreciative audience
Uso:
Describing explaining something to someone who cannot understand it
跟他讲艺术就像对牛弹琴。Gēn tā jiǎng yìshù jiù xiàng duìniútánqín.

Talking to him about art is like playing the lute to a cow.

莫名其妙mòmíngqímiàoHSK 5
Literalmente:
no one can explain its mystery
Significado:
baffling; without rhyme or reason
Uso:
Describing something inexplicable or someone's puzzling behavior
他莫名其妙地生气了。Tā mòmíngqímiào de shēngqì le.

He got angry for no apparent reason.

Los chengyu (成语) son modismos de cuatro caracteres nacidos de historias clásicas: el equivalente chino de los refranes, pero de uso constante en el habla moderna.

Este diccionario reúne 100 chengyu con los que los estudiantes se topan de verdad, con imagen literal, significado real, uso, ejemplo con pinyin, nivel HSK aproximado y audio.

¿Qué es un chengyu?

Un modismo fijo de cuatro caracteres, normalmente de una historia clásica: 画蛇添足 "dibujar una serpiente y añadirle patas" = estropear algo por querer hacer demasiado.

¿Cuántos debo saber?

Con 20–50 tu chino suena mucho más nativo; para el HSK 5–6 se esperan varios cientos.

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